Economic Information to Ponder. Recently a well known lender stated a rise in business since the beginning of this year, showing how many consumers have switched to new lenders.

There are many online sites nowadays who assert they guide you for your money difficulties, but how much are they truly assisting? For sure, we do not take ads indisputably at all times do we? For example, there are money-related services who attest that they can aid you pay off your debts by using a debt solving plan yet have you checked what costs they demand ? There could be a big fee as well as your monthly repayment. There are methods to access capital fast such as with payday loans these are nifty and not difficult to request. Most payday loans brokers have a small application form online. They don’t carry out credit file checks thus even individuals with money woes in most cases get accepted for a payday loan.

Large amounts of people find payday loans are hard to be accepted on. However this kind of loan is very simple to get the yes on. All one Rrequires is the these criteria: a Great Britain residency, be over 18 years old, be in some type of job, and sometimes will need a bank account. Once an straightforward application is filled out on the website, the bad credit loanslender will say yes. If you carry a bad credit history then don’t be afraid….the majority of payday providers won’t require you to be ideal as a candidate. We have a pal who has been searching for a bit of cash in order that she can afford to purchase a rewnsy new fridge, but though she tried all the obvious routes there was no lucky break. In Reality is it was her fault as she has been far from stingy with the cash and over recent periods has attracted a bad credit ranking. Now there’s these wage advances that are around but she don’t agree with the ridiculous interest rates. Then which channels are around to her? There are banks who want to deal with that exact sort of situation – they’re lenders that specialise in loaning to such customers. They provide loans for people with bad credit. there exist loads of these businesses about, and I informed her to look to arrange a meeting with some of them. She ended up procuring the credit she wanted.

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The World of Balloons

Introduction to Balloons

The word ‘Balloons’ conjures up images in your mind of simple balloons you inflate for kid’s parties, or balloons that fly off on their own, or the special balloons for key events like the ones produced for the wedding of Charles and Diana? There are so many different types of balloons on the market that you can get almost anything for any event you need. Balloons are a bright, bouncy item that can be used for many different purposes, including kid’s or adult parties, product launches for advertising or promotional events.

When you think about it, a balloon is quite an odd item. It is something that expands when filled with air or some other type of gas, such as Helium or hydrogen and is very fragile so that it can easily burst. The very first balloons would have been made with non-flexible material but modern balloons have great elasticity because they are made of Latex and can be filled up to create much larger sizes than earlier ones.

Balloons Throughout History

The first known balloons were very simple in that they were made out of the bowels of cats. The Aztec Indians in Central and Southern America carefully cleaned out the cat gut, turned it inside out and stitched it with special vegetable thread that stuck to itself when dried in the sun creating an almost airtight seal. The balloons were shaped into model animals and then filled with air to be burnt on the top of the Aztec pyramid as an offering to the sun god. This is the first recorded history of balloon modelling. Early balloons were made of animal guts and were turned into play things for the local community.

The first public showing of a balloon was at the Portuguese Court in Lisbon in 1809 by a Portuguese priest, Bartolomeu de Gusmao, and was most likely to be made from an animal bladder that stretched when filled with air. The modern rubber balloon was invented in eighteen twenty four by Michael Faraday the renowned English chemist and physicist who invented, amongst other many other things, the Faraday cage and he also made huge contributions to the fields electromagnetism and electrochemistry. The balloons Faraday used were filled with hydrogen for his science experiments with Hydrogen, but the more familiar Latex balloon did not appear until 1847. Although the Latex balloon was manufactured in London in the mid eighteen hundreds and early rubber balloons were sold in America in parks and circuses for a penny each; the mass production of them did not happen until 100 years later in 1931.

The world of balloons became more advanced as they developed in line with technology. Now balloons are made from rubber Latex, polychloroprene or nylon and may be inflated with air, Helium, hydrogen or water. Inflating the balloon with air can be done with the mouth, a manual hand pump, electric inflator, foot pump or with compressed gas. Balloons are used for many differing purposes, and decorated in numerous ways to fit the event. Balloons are usually used for entertainment or displays.

Some balloons are purely for decoration, others are ideal for specific purposes because of their low density and relatively low cost. The balloon’s properties have led to them being used in a wide range of other applications in the areas of meteorology, military defence, medical treatment, and transportation. There are many different types of balloons which can be categorised under different headings.

Different Types of Balloons

Good Old Party Balloons

The most popular types of balloons are the ones we are used to seeing at parties, particularly a child’s party. These are often bought in small packets and blown up by mouth or with a pump to create a festive scene for children’s parties and other kinds of celebratory events. These days you often see a balloon cluster at the entrance to a house or hall to indicate where the party is being held, it has almost become a universal indicator of a party in progress! The balloons come in many different sizes and colours and can have printing on the face which expands as the balloon is blown up. Party balloons are mostly made of natural Latex tapped from rubber trees. The rubber’s elasticity makes the volume variable. Balloons filled with air always hold their size and shape much longer than those filled with Helium.

There is a great range of colours for balloons and many different sizes due to the flexibility of the material from which they are made. You can use cartoon characters on printed balloons that become larger than life once inflated.

Foil Balloons

The foil balloon or Mylar balloons first appeared during the late 1970s. They are generally more costly than Latex balloons and are made of thin non-stretch metalized plastic film or Mylar. The first time I remember them being used a major event was when they made an appearance at the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana and they caused quite a stir. Mylar balloons have a nice high gloss reflective texture and can be supplied with colour pictures, logos and patterns to customise them. The most useful property of metalized nylon for balloons is its ability to prevent the Helium gas from escaping for several weeks because it is less permeable. Foil balloons also have the benefit of being light weight, longer-lasting with greater buoyancy. They are best for extraordinary celebrations, in-store decorations, parties and for gifts. At our granny’s ninetieth birthday party a few weeks ago I brought along a foil balloon with 90 printed on it to add to the festive occasion.

Balloons in Animal Shapes

Balloons in animal shapes are ade from metalized nylon which can easily be cut into pieces so that when pressed together they make the three dimensional shapes of animals. Screen printing the appropriate design on the model, makes the chosen animal come realistically alive. Once inflated, these unique balloons make a very bright decorative impact for that special event. Balloons in animal shapes may be used as gifts or as a talking point at your special event. Balloons in animal shapes can make a great birthday gift for a child as an extra pleasure.

Rockets from Balloons

Inflating a balloon and releasing it go before tying it is as game most kids play at some time or another (and adults too)! The rude noise it makes generally has everyone falling about laughing as it zooms all over the room. This game is teaching the children basically how a rocket works and they are called balloon rockets. As a kid I can remember being fascinated as I learned why it did that.

When the top of the balloon is let-go, the elasticity of the balloon contracts so that the higher pressure of air inside is forced out causing the balloon to be propelled forward. This is basically how a rocket works. The balloon can also be inflated with different gases other than air, with similar results. Balloon rockets are a widely used a learning aid to show the principles in laws of nature of the functioning of a rocket. The balloon rocket is also regularly used to demonstrate Newton’s third law in physics. Children can have hours of fun playing with balloons as a balloon rocket. The unpredictability of where they will go adds fun to the fun.

Balloons Filled With Water

The water balloons are obviously filled with water and are intended for children to chuck at each other as a game or practical joke with the aim of getting each other drenched. They are generally smaller than normal sized balloons and made from weaker rubber so that they can be easily broken. Water balloons are often used in competitions or games.

Balloons Filled with Helium Gas

The reason Helium balloons float is because they are filled with Helium gas which is lighter than air. So for an event where balloons are set off into the sky, they will all be Helium filled balloons. If the Helium balloons are rubber balloons they usually only retain their buoyancy for a few days. This is because the Latex has tiny holes that are bigger than the enclosed Helium atoms so the Helium gradually leaks out. To increase the life span of a Helium balloon the inside of the balloons can be coated with a special polymer solution which reduces the leakage of the Helium for a week or more. Having even just one foil Helium filled balloon at a small party can create a special effect to enhance the occasion.If you require a large amount of balloons then buy wholesale balloons to acquire the amount required.

Balloon Sculptures
Balloon Sculptures are made from hundreds of balloons to create a solid structure such as a balloon arch, wall or statute. Other shapes are more difficult, but on occasion more ambitious sculptures have been created so they are possible. These sculptures are usually made and designed by professional party decorators as it is a very skilled job. Balloon sculptures are really quite limited because of the shape of the balloons but with intelligent colour choice simple arches or walls can make an impressive feature at your party. The balloons need to be precision filled with exactly the same amount of gas and to do this professional balloon sculptors use electronic equipment to deliver the exact amount of Helium into the balloon. For non-floating balloons air inflators are used. Professional quality balloons differ from most retail packet balloons as they are bigger in size, stronger and made from one hundred percent biodegradable Latex. Sometimes Helium balloons are used as table decorations for special events which may have three or 5 balloons with an arrangement of flowers. The decoration will generally include curled ribbon with an added weight to stop the balloons from floating away.

Balloon Modelling and Balloons in Art

Balloon modelling is a popular entertainment for children and adults alike and is not to be confused with balloon sculptures discussed above. The Latex used for balloon modelling is made of extra-stretchy rubber so that it can be manipulated and tied without popping when making the balloon model. A Balloon modelling artist pulls and twists the inflated modelling balloons into shapes resembling animals, people or hats. When I have watched these artists at work I am always anxious that the balloons will burst when they are twisting and tying their handy work. These tiny tubular balloons are extremely tricky to inflate and often need a pump to get them started, until you have developed the lungs for it.

Dropping Lots of Balloons from a Net

Most people have seen a party or dance where at the end of the night hundreds of balloons are dropped from the roof to create excitement and fun amongst the party guests. This is known as a balloon drop and is often performed at parties such as New Year’s Eve celebrations or at political rallies and conventions. It is a relatively low budget way of creating a festive atmosphere at the party climax, so everyone goes home feeling they have had a really great evening.

It is possible to setup your own balloon drop for that special event providing you have a room with enough height. To begin with you will need to set up a large plastic bag or net overhead, which is suspended at the required height. Get your other organisers to lend a hand with inflating balloons as it can take quite a while to do the number needed. Then pile the inflated balloons into the net and make sure the opening works so that the balloons will fall onto the target area below when they are let go. You will also need to devise a mechanism for releasing the balloons.
Balloons used in balloons arches a stronger Latex balloon is used, instead of regular balloons.

Mass Balloon Releases

Because of concerns about the impact on the environment of a large amount of balloons being released, the NABAS – The Balloon Association have produced a code of practise that is available on their website at www.nabas.co.uk

If you are preparing a balloon release of more than 5,000 balloons, it is a pre-requisite that you apply in writing for permission to the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) at least 28 days in advance. The CAA also like to be notified about balloon releases involving less than 5,000. An application form can be obtained by calling either the NABAS office on 01989 762 204 or the Airspace Utilisation Section of the CAA on 020 7453 6599

Environmental Concerns and Balloon Safety

Latex is an organic product obtained from rubber trees that are grown in certain regions of the tropics, so balloons are actually organic being manufactured from natural rubber Latex (NRL). These trees are not harvested to produce the NRL. The NRL is harvested by tapping mature plants and is an indespensible sustainable crop providing employment for many agricultural workers in some of the poorest regions of the world. Latex is a sustainable crop that is good for the environment and the economy of the country in which the rubber trees are grown.

The planting and maintenance of rubber tree plantations contributes towards the prevention of tropical rainforest deforestation. Without the cultivation and the consumption of Latex products the plantations may very well become just another casualty of the clearance of land for arable use. One of the great advantages of NRL cultivation is the significant contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere that is produced by industrialised nations and is a major source of global warming.

Printed Latex balloons are an absolutely fantastic, low-cost and environmentally friendly way of advertising your promotion or event.

Conclusion

The toy balloon has been a source of pleasure and excitement for many years at celebratory events such as parties, product launches and conferences throughout the world. They have been an educational tool as well as providing hours of entertainment and interest for children and adults alike. Non toy balloons are used for experiments in science, as an aid for heart repair in medicine and even as a form of travel as in the hydrogen air ship idea. Balloons are invaluable in helping us to learn about our world and some of the properties of physics.

The Island of South Georgia

The island of South Georgia, an inhospitable frozen wasteland of glaciers, snow-capped mountains and freezing winds, lies in the southern Atlantic Ocean east of Tierra del Fuego.

This remote Antarctic island is part of the British territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The British claim to sovereignty of South Georgia dates from 1775 when Captain Cook landed here and dismissed the island as not worth discovering. Argentina also claimed the island in 1027, an unresolved dispute which contributed to the 1982 Falklands war when Argentine forces briefly occupied South Georgia.

In 1916 Ernest Shackleton became stranded on Elephant Island to the south-west, while on his Imperial Straits Antarctic Expedition, Shackleton and a small group of men left the rest of the party to summon help and ended up, after an arduous journey, at King Haakon Bay on the south coast of South Georgia.

They then managed to make it overland to reach help at Stromness whaling station, which led to the rescue of the remaining men. Daring a later expedition in 1922, Shackleton died on board a ship off South Georgia and he is buried on the island at Grytviken.

There is no permanent human population on South Georgia, only the British Government Officer, research scientists and museum staff at Grytviken, but there are enormous populations of penguins, the largest colonies anywhere on earth, with around 400,000 breeding pairs of king penguins, two million pairs of the macaroni penguins and large colonies of four other species.

Visitors come here to watch penguin couples overcome the extreme climatic conditions and nurture their precious eggs through hatching and the vulnerable chick stage into fully fledged members of the colony. The charming creatures work tirelessly together avoiding the seals that lurk in the shallows waiting to pounce and protecting their young from ferocious skua gulls who will snatch one and tear it to shreds.

When he landed here in the 18th century, Captain Cook noted the huge seal and whale populations around the island, but just two hundred years later both had been hunted nearly to extinction. South Georgia is, however, home to 95 per cent of the world’s southern fur seals, half the southern elephant seals, 250,000 Albatrosses, including the massive Wandering Albatross, and up to ten million other seabirds, making a trip here a totally unique experience.

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Cheap Theatre Tickets London

This comprehensive website offers, amongst other things, an astounding array of London theatre tickets. It has become a renowned and respected resource which is considered by many as the premier resource for theatre tickets for shows across the UK’s theatres. The website lists all the available shows on its main page with links to supplementary pages which provide the visitor with extensive information regarding the show itself, the location, dates available and even a useful visitor rating system. The website compares theatre tickets London prices for the relevant shows and provides an extensive comparison showing the different ticket prices available.

One of the main issue’s for the consumer when deciding whether to visit a show is usually based on cost. With money tight for many, the comparisons provided by this impressive cheap theatre tickets London website saves its visitor’s time and money. It’s simple and user friendly layout provides a unique way of reviewing information, quickly and efficiently, about any show and ultimately finding the best available price or package for the visitor’s desired choice. Its growing popularity is down to a simple premise, it provides its visitors with unbiased and relevant information which benefits them by saving them money. In this regard, it achieves its aim with distinction.

Instead, you can head over to a ticket broker’s website at your convenience anytime of the day or night, even on weekends, to look for the perfect London theatre ticket in the comfort of your home or office. Theater tickets for London venues, as well as other venues listed by city, will be found online.

London has some of the best theatre scenes in the world. A wonderful performance under the bright lights of West End is an experience of a lifetime for a tourist or any passionate theatre lover. There are hordes of theatre enthusiasts in the United Kingdom, but the prices of theatre tickets are mostly expensive.

When shopping for cheap London theatre tickets from a website or agency, make sure it is authentic. Some tickets offered at a huge discount have “restricted view”. Avoid touts, check face value of the tickets, booking fees of websites and authenticity of agents to make sure you are not duped.

For a comprehensive and unrivalled range of cheap London theatre tickets options, a visit to Cheap Theatre Tickets London should be your first and last port of call.

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The Safe and Tropical Island of Tobago

Tobago is the beautiful, reserved, soul-sister of jump jiving Trinidad, its partner in the Republic. The contrast is overwhelming. Tobago is small and it has no major industry to impinge on its lush fertility. It has one main town, Scarborough, and dozens of hamlets and villages with names that reflect the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonial powers which coveted it for centuries.

Outside the small holdings of its sparse population, it is full of nature reserves harbouring wildlife otherwise found only on the South American mainland of which it was once part. At its highland heart, among the many waterfalls splashing down into idyllic bathing pools among the rocks and ferns, Tobago protects the oldest untouched tropical rainforest in the hemisphere.

The rainy season between June and December (short, sharp bursts, and a brilliant time to take a swim) freshens the landscape, which erupts into a natural carnival of colourful flowers. This is matched underwater, where the myriad flashing shoals play lethal hide-and-seek among the cup coral in the canyons and deep caves where barracuda, dolphin and manta rays cruise.

You can dig for chip-chip (a kind of shell fish), in the warm clear water of Manzanilla Bay, or hunt the big game fish like marlin, wahoo and yellow-fin tuna. You can have double fun in the knowledge that there’s nothing in Tobago, in the water or on land, to kill you. Unlike Australia there are no man-eating sharks, box jelly fish, lethal spiders, or poisonous snakes.

Undeveloped (no house, hotel or resort is allowed to build anything higher than a palm tree grows) and peaceful, Tobago does however know how to party.

Carnival here is homespun, but just as colourful, rum-fuelled and happily energetic as anywhere. What’s more, you can practice every week throughout the year at the open air dance they call Sunday School.

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Make money from Shooting Picture Library Photography

Introduction

Welcome to An Insight into Stock Photography. This article is based on a talk given at Focus on Imaging 2007. I hope you find it interesting. Just remember these are my views only, they are not gospel and have been put together based solely on my experience of shooting and making money from stock photography, primarily through Alamy and photographic magazines.

We’ve seen a lot of change in the markets and the economy in general. This has affected the stock photography market. But don’t lose hope, magazines and newspapers have an insatiable appetite for images.

One Approach

Not having all your eggs in one basket – and finding opportunities to build a business in photography. And stock photography is just part of that – a chance for someone else to market your images for you and to for you to get paid, while off doing something else. It’s like having commission only sales people working for you. The thing is you have to give them something saleable but you can’t give them a kick up the backside if you’re not selling much!!

Some professional photographers don’t do it, some do, some make a living from it. The choices and balance is up to you, as a commercial photographer I do some of it.

It may seem like an uphill challenge but it’s not and it’s within most people’s grasp. Provided you understand the customer. This applies to both the Picture Library and the Ultimate Buyers.

Take a look around you. Pictures are everywhere – the printed media in its widest context has a massive appetite for images on a daily basis.

Humans generally don’t like reading online – well not for very long – they like tactile magazines to flick though and dip into and if they didn’t, the newspaper industry would be long gone by now – wouldn’t it !!

Every magazine, exhibition, web site, company brochure and newspaper all need pictures on a regular basis – and if they don’t have it or can’t send a photographer to go out and shoot it – then they’ll buy it.

Printed media works on deadlines that go right down to the wire, so immediacy is important and the shots can’t be the same old ones turned out time after time .

The picture buyer generally will work to longer lead times and less tight deadlines – but not always – the images they buy can be more general or iconic – like these motivation posters you see in some offices .

Take for instance a sports shot of runners on a track – you might see it in the sports pages of a newspaper for a day, then maybe in a Athletics magazine that month – but it can soon become a poster with a motivational statement “Defeat” or “Winner” that has a whole new market.

So where are you – the photographer – in the pecking order so to speak. Take a look below.

• The Photographer
• The Stock Library
• The Picture Buyer

You’re on the top of the list with the stock library between you and the buyer, but at the bottom of the food chain when it comes to getting paid. But whilst you need to meet the technical requirements of the library and other submission requirements, it’s the picture buyer you must be thinking of long before you even contemplate picking up the camera.

The picture library will do the sales and marketing of your images, for a cut which varies from library to library, but they must have images that buyers want.

Before you sign up, read through the agreement and see if the set up suits your requirements.

Diverse Sectors

Each of these publications, Gossip magazines, The Times Newspaper, Corporate Publications, serve a specific market – but each buy photos from Alamy to mention just one library – they also buy from many others too – in order to make the publication that day, week or month.

So what sort of pictures do these publications buy? Well it’s very varied. Just browse through and look at the side of the shot, it’s likely to have an image source next to it.

• Take a Break – items / products, staged poses – youth etc.
• Daily mail – travel
• Environment – utilities, waste, pollution etc, – front cover.

Get Rich Quick – NO!

Some say it’s a numbers game – true to some extent, but the way I look at it is this, if you’ve got 10,000 images of shots that won’t sell – you’ve got nothing .

For me as a professional photographer that provides photography services, it’s the long term view – looking to grow and maintain a set of saleable images.

Remember pictures are perishable – i.e. – they become stale – and this will vary dependent upon the industry sector or subject they apply to.

Transport, fashion, IT, business, communications all need, in my view, re-shooting each year. For example a man in a suit by a computer the size of a house in the 1950′s isn’t the modern business image of today.

Wildlife, sky scenes, landscapes, travel pictures – less so – but look at any developing city – take London – since the Wheel and the Gherkin went up all the skylines are different, also look at Dubai – changing all the time.

Get rich quick – no it’s not – but you can build up an underlying income if you think about saleable pictures and keep them relevant – remember they have to illustrate a story – so need to tell a story in their own right.

What is Stock

So let’s take a look at how you get accepted and who there is to choose from. Each Library has its own benefits and key target markets, so find one that suits you and what you are good at shooting.

• Getty
• Alamy
• Comstock
• Jupiter
• Superstock
• Fotolibra
• Istockphoto,
• Pixtal
• Jumpimages
• Adams
• Nevstock

Most will have web sites and these will stipulate how to join of make submissions.

$ Sites

Personally I don’t like them and here’s why. I’m going to set you a challenge and at the end of it I will buy the photograph from you. So you go and shoot a subject you like, do your research, do the shoot, post produce the image and upload it to my site and hey presto – I pay you 50p at today’s exchange rate — any takers ? I rest my case!

Submission Rules

All image libraries will set technical requirements and these will vary depending on how much server space they want to invest in.

Alamy work to 48mb TIFF minimum – 1, to keep the bar high enough that only the serious photographer applies and 2, to give their customers’ choice and immediate access to high quality images. Now they’ve changed this from the above to accept JPEG images – so your file size is down to around 8 meg.

Others work on thumbnail sizes then let the buyer contact you. Personally, I think, trying to judge a shot off a 100 or 200k image is not doing the shot justice.

Others specify minimum standards of camera / model, or make you go though an approval or recommendation process. The thing with this is to find a library that matches your needs and capabilities. Also the amount time you have available to dedicate to stock photography.

Licenses

Non-Exclusive License

The buyer pays a licence fee each time they use the picture , but another picture buyer can also purchase and use the image under the same licence.

The picture buyer must specify, each time: intended use, media, territory and duration.

Pricing is based on intended use, media, duration and territory. The territorial pricing will be matched to the specific country.

Exclusive License

The image buyer pays a licence fee each time they use the image.

The picture buyer obtains exclusive use of an image under the terms of the licence: these terms may affect the use, media, territory and/or duration in which the image can by used by other buyers.

Rights protection can be an advantage for high-profile projects such as ad campaigns and promotions.

Royalty Free (RF)

The image buyer pays a one-off fee – they do not have to pay royalties to contributors on a use-by-use basis.

The picture buyer will not know who else is using the image.

The picture buyer should check that the image has the appropriate releases before using the image where a release is required, for example Model release for people and property release for prominent buildings or logos.

Commission

• 50/50
• 60/40 but with global distribution
• 70/30
• 80/20 – Photographers Direct

Again find a library that works for you and also find out when you’ll get paid and any minimum balances you must have to get paid. Sometimes you can wait 3 months for your money.

Work Flow

As a provider of photography services I shoot RAW and make minor adjustments to images. Now I’m using Adobe Lightroom in place of Raw Shooter and it’s speeded up my work flow considerably. Photoshop – I use this far less now but only to colour and touch out any dirt or what might look like dirt – by this I mean the occasional bird in the sky can look like sensor dirt if it’s a way off in the distance. Resize your image. Output the file to the required format.

Then depending on the library upload over the Internet or cut a CD / DVD.

An Example

Take an older camera the Nikon D70 – 6.1 mega pixel camera. Raw files were around 4 or 5 MB and a TIFF was at 17MB with the JPEG at 4MB.

To meet the submission guidelines you need to Interpolate the image – make it bigger. In Photoshop this was Image > Image Size>Percent. Increase by 168% to give a 48 – 50 MB sized image. Then Save as Jpeg – 5 – 7MB.

I now shoot on a Nikon D300. RAW files are now 18 – 19 mb, opened in CS3 at 34 mb – requiring interpolation by only 20%.

What I’ve Sold

Wonderful sunsets, superb travel pictures, glamour images, or maybe my Dad’s cat! These are just a few examples of shots that have sold.
My dad’s cat, police cars, road signs, street scenes in New York, studio models and traffic jams.

Finding More Value

There are plenty of magazines that will promote your sold work, FPME (Now out of print March 2009) is just one of them and if you have sold a shot just let the editor know – chances are it can earn you some more money.

Not only that, look out for sites like Photographer Direct that offer an Image Request service – all you need to do is send 1 email. Also look to the corporate clients – they too may take an image if it fits with their style – be brave, make that approach, but do your research first.

Top Tips

 

Find a picture library that suits you

Don’t be put off by submission rules

Know your end picture buyer

Start shooting what you are comfortable with – then move on

Check out what pictures already exist

Read the Picture Needs

Remember pictures images are perishable

 

Check out how many images of your subject matter already exist in a library, then ask yourself – can these be improved, shot differently or updated.

Read the picture needs issued by Stock libraries, they tell you what sells and what is needed, don’t ignore them.

Thank you for reading this article, I hope you found it interesting, should you have any questions, please feel free to make contact through the web site.

Author : Peter Davey Ma DipM
First edition Feb 2007 – updated March 2008 and March 2009 

Free Articles

Development of a Clinical Research Facility

Quintiles Transnational Corp. announced that they will be opening an extended regional facility for the purposes of further improving their service offerings throughout European countries. The new facility will be purpose-built, with three buildings unified into a single modernised complex three located close to Edinburgh, Scotland.

The 115,000 square foot research and development center will be situated inside the Alba Campus close to Edinburgh and will have room for up to five hundred staff, covering departments associated with Quintiles’ Clinical Development Services, such as Project Management, Data Management and Regulatory Affairs. The site shall be BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method) certified for sustainable design and minimal environmental impact.

The main attraction of the new site will be an 80,000 square ft centralised laboratory almost twice its previous capacity which will increase throughput of clinical trial samples and enable the ability to process almost 3 times more kits per day. It has been strategically situated to supply the whole European region where on-site laboratory services include urinalysis, serology markers, coagulation, hematology, specimen management, endocrinology, chemistry and biomarkers.

In order to capitalise on scientific advances, the site comprises of one of Quintiles’ three Assay Development Laboratories, specifically focused on technical transfer of methods and assays, as well as validation of industry-specific instruments and assays for research.

Quintiles, along with other clinical research organisations based in the United Kingdom, boast vast centralised lab networks with bases in India, China, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, Brazil and Argentina.

These CROs supply key laboratory services to a number of continents and in doing so, are able to lower transportation costs, minimising worries about import/export permits and providing local study assessment support, in turn boosting sample stability.

RPL, another well-known CRO or Institute of Clinical Pharmacology based in the UK (drug trial provider) who offers specialist services like CRF Design, also boasts in-house laboratories, with sites located at two acute London-based teaching hospitals, namely Mayday University Hospital and St George’s University of London. These laboratories are operated 24 hours a day by fully trained staff and are readily available to for immediate sample processing needs. Its labs comprise of refrigerated centrifuges for processing samples; refrigerators as well as -20°C and -80°C freezers for sample storage, of which are linked to an alarm system where temperatures are constantly monitored. Labs also comprise state-of-the-art, fully automated Drugs of Abuse, (DOA), analysers, supplying fast and accurate DOA results.

*** You must consult your doctor before taking any medical advice!

A Burberry bargain

Do you love Burberry designer cloths? but cannot afford them? – well look no further London is home to the Burberry Designer Outlet Hackney. 

Hackney is In East London and is easy to reach from the centre by tube bus or taxi there you will find this Mecca for Burberry lovers. Here you can buy clothes , accessories and shoes heavily reduced , thus allowing us mere mortals to buy into this luxurious brand. Christopher Bailey the head designer has been the power house behind the revival of this famously quintessential English brand. famous for the trench cost and the infamous Burberry check, the brand now is sought after by fashionistas and a list celebrities alike. 

They have produced some sought after items over the last few seasons including the studded tote bag from the Autumn Winter 2008 collection and the gravity defying platform.

Anyone who loved the  Burberry’s flares last season will love this Spring’s extreme version: the shrink-to-the-leg cheesecloth trouser that made a clever compromise between sheer leggings and a pant.  Bailey’s super-deluxe trenches, these have bee a main stay feature of his last three shows—also get an   update: dull steel-gray python, sometimes richly embellished with paillettes ( large sequins )  running up from the hem. 

But like I say if  the above all fall into the cannot afford but lust over the brand category take a trip to the Burberry outlet in East London and bag yourself a little slice of this amazing brand at a fraction of the price. So make haste for the Burberry designer outlet in Hackney East London as soon as possible.

 

Third runway for Heathrow approved despite 7 million objections

 

In January this year, Geoff Hoon halted all the speculation surrounding the never ending controversy over whether Heathrow should be granted permission to construct a third runway by 2015. BAA the owners of Heathrow have pushed hard for its expansion on the grounds that unless the airport was given the go ahead to be expanded it was in real jeopardy of losing its prime position as the changeover airport connecting the rest of the world to North and South America. Schipol, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Charles de Gaulle are seen as keen competitors for this lucrative market. The city has also given their weight behind the expansion to carry on their status as the major centre for finance in Europe.

Clearly airport pollution and increased noise were the main objections why several local councils and no less than 7 million individuals challenged to the proposal, as this resolution flies in the face of the government’s carbon reduction program. On top of 700 homes being demolished and the probable loss of the village of Sipson.

The labour government reason that it will create above 50,000 jobs during construction and in excess of over 8,000 jobs by the time it is completed. Heathrow has a long standing reputation and is presently just behind Atlanta and O’hare for passenger numbers and the government would have been in danger of being seen to be regarded as being culpable for its demise from grace. The Tories have advocated establishing a brand new airport for the London area, however, given that Heathrow parking facilities are all in place for both on and off airport car parks and a business infrastructure serving the airport is already in position. This alternative proposal would obviously be expensive and once again come up opposition elsewhere and hurt Heathrow’s future long term future.

For example there are over 30 purpose built airport hotels at Heathrow serving the airport and the business community customer stopping over and the expense of replicating the motorway network and new car parks for Heathrow would be very costly expensive.

 

Heated LED Bathroom Mirrors: The Ultimate Bathroom Accessory?

Introduction

Central to the mythology of mirrors is Narcissus a Boeotian hero, who disliked those who loved him for his own natural beauty. He famously gazed into a pool of water and was so fascinated with the reflection, that he was unable to bring himself to leave the image. Not realising that the image he could see was of his own natural beauty, he couldn’t bring himself to leave the image, and he perished.

The concept of how the mirror works is quite simple. It stems simply from the reflective surface of still water and therefore nature plays its part. When you look down into a puddle or a dark pool of water, the smooth water reflects the light straight back into your eyes. Mirrors work in a similar way, in that a mirror is made up of a coated glass surface which when a polished metal surface or metal film is applied behind the glass, light cannot shine through and so reflects the image back. Young children particularly, are always fascinated when they look into a mirror for the first time and see their own reflection staring back at them. Anyone who has young children will remember the vision of their young child daughter kissing their image on a mirror. My eight year old daughter loves sitting in front of her mirror applying her make up nearly as much as my fifteen year old daughter!

Where would we be today without mirrors? Mirrors are generally used for personal grooming or interior decoration and have evolved from a luxury item into a necessity. There is an enormous variety of mirror shapes and sizes and over the years, mirrors have gradually evolved to meet many different requirements. Today there is a large selection of mirrors , ranging from small mirrors to large mirrors, framed, unframed and includes bathroom mirrors, decorative mirrors, illuminated mirrors, LED mirrors, shaving mirrors, compact mirrors and demister mirrors.
Away from personal use, mirrors are also used as part of scientific apparatus such as cameras, lasers, telescopes and periscopes, to reflect light and used as tools in dentistry and medical care.Not to mention the beauty and hair salon industries.

History of Mirrors

The history of mirrors as far as we can see dates back over 8,000 years. The earliest known mirrors were made from pieces of polished stone such as obsidian, a naturally occurring glass from cooled volcanic lava flows. In Anatolia in Turkey, examples of obsidian mirrors dated at around 6000 BC have been found. In south and central America, polished stone mirrors from around 2000 BC on wards have also been found. From around 3000 BC mirrors of polished copper are known to have been crafted in ancient Egypt. In China bronze mirrors were manufactured from around 2000 BC.

The first metal coated glass mirrors are thought to have been made in the first century AD, in Sidon, known today as Lebanon. The Roman author Pliny makes reference to glass mirrors backed with gold leaf in his Naturalis Historia, one of the largest reference books to have survived from the Roman Empire, which focused on natural and man-made objects and was written in around 77 AD. The Romans also created a technique for making crude mirrors by using molten lead to coat blown glass.

In the 10th Century Arabian Physicists, considered different types of mirrors, reflecting mirrors and parabolic mirrors and another discussed concave and convex mirrors in both cylindrical and spherical geometries. In undertaking various experiments with mirrors, finding the point on a convex mirror at which a ray of light coming from one point is reflected to another point was solved.

During the period of the 14th to 17th Centuries, across Europe a method of coating glass with a tin-mercury amalgam was perfected by manufacturers. Venice was recognised for its glass making expertise and soon became a centre of mirror production using this new technique. Glass mirrors from this period were extremely expensive luxuries. Manufacturers also evolved in London, France and Germany.

The particular process of silvering to produce the first silvered-glass mirror is credited to German chemist Justus von Liebig in 1835. He developed a process to apply a thin layer of metallic silver onto glass through the chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The process was adapted for mass production and led to the greater availability of affordable mirrors and formed the basis of what we now consider the normal way to produce a mirror today.

The evolution of the mirror over the years is quite interesting, if like me you love mirrors! It has developed from a luxury item to an item which is now taken for granted in daily use. Today, walk into any shop to look at mirrors and the selection is vast, with many technology features now finding there way into mirrors, to give added simplicity, luxury and decoration.

Of course no luxury bathroom would be complete without the all important heated illuminated mirror meaning you can step straight out of a hot steamy shower and still be able to see in the mirror, great for shaving.

How are Mirrors Made?

The manufacture of mirrors includes the application to a suitable material of a reflective coating. Glass is the most commonly used material, due to its ability to take a smooth finish and its rigidity. Glass is also more scratch resistant than many other materials.

Early mirrors were made of solid metal, bronze or silver and they were far too expensive for most to be able to afford. Metal is also prone to corrosion and because of polished metal’s low emissivity, antique mirrors were less suitable for indoor use. With indoor lighting at the time supplied by candles or lanterns, the metal mirrors reflected a much darker picturecompared to modern glass mirrors.

In modern times ‘float glass’ is used in the manufacture of mirrors, which is a flat ribbon of glass which is run out of a furnace and along the surface of a bath of molten tin. The temperature of both the glass and molten tin is controlled to enable both surfaces to be made perfectly flat. There are now three common types of mirrors: plain – which has a flat surface, and the two spherical types of mirrors: the convex and the concave. The concave and convex mirrors can be used in an entertaining way, when used at fairgrounds or amusement parks to distort peoples figures reflected in them through bloating, stretching and shrinking, the person or object in front of them.

In some applications, a mirror isn’t a mirror at all. For example, when used in public conveniences, especially in public or factory toilets, where for reasons of cost and the need for greater durability, a single polished metal sheet is often installed as a form of mirror.

Different Types of Mirror

Throughout the ages, mirrors have been employed as symbols of truth, deception and vanity. Mention a mirror and you instantly know that if you look into one, you will see your own reflection staring back at you. The image you see will resemble your own appearance. In optical principles, the reflections in mirrors do not totally match the objects in front of them. When looking into the mirror, trace the contour of the reflection of your head in a mirror. The reflection may correspond in proportion, but will generally be half in actual size.
With such a variety and huge range of mirrors now available, much has been made of the amount of money spent in purchasing mirrors particularly by women, although in this day and age with an increase in men purchasing cosmetics, some men will also be vain enough to carry a mirror. I wonder if in another decade or two, me calling men vain for carrying a mirror will be thought of as ridiculous!

The vain Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs famously asked her special mirror, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, who’s the fairest of them all?” Mirrors are synonymous with truth.
Mirrors are frequently used in interior decoration to create an illusion of space, and to decorate and amplify the apparent size of a room. They will be used around the home, the office, a pub, club or restaurant to good effect. They work particularly well in night clubs, reflecting the many images of light in the club or room to create a feeling of a much bigger space.

Infinity Mirrors provide an effect of never reaching an end, known as ‘symmetry breaking’ and are particularly effective when used in a dark environment. I remember experiencing this phenomenon for the first time as a child in a large department store lift, where mirrors where on all sides of the elevator car. For those who are not good in lifts I should think this effect probably does nothing to calm them, perhaps that’s why you don’t see lifts like this anymore Or is it just because I’m getting old and that was a particular style popular in the 70′s!

My next favourite kind of mirror after the infinity mirror is the heated mirror, these mirrors have a heating element or what is called a demister pad mounted on the back. The reason a mirror steams up when you have a shower is because the surface temperature of the mirror is colder than the air temperature and causes the water vapour in the air to condense on the mirror. Some bright spark realised long ago that it if you heated the mirror this would avoid it steaming up, brilliant!

For many years heated mirrors have only featured in very expensive bathrooms usually costing thousands, and quality hotels have used heated mirrors as a neat differentiator from the increasingly popular budget hotels and motels. Of course it is not until you step out of the hotel shower and see yourself in the mirror that you realise it is there! Whilst at the back of your mind you realise this is one of the reasons why this room is more expensive than the other hotel across the street.

Last week I heard the BBC Radio 2 DJ Ken Bruce state that the best shave you ever had will have been in a hotel, to which he attributed the benefit of the heated bathroom mirror as the main reason. I have to agree, and every time I stay in (nice) hotel I always have a really good look at the bathroom with a view to reproducing the best of its features in my own home.

If you already have a nice bathroom mirror but it is not heated, and wish you had bought one of the demister mirrors instead it’s possible to order just the demister pad component and upgrade your current mirror. Upgrading your mirror, who would have thought that was something we would be writing about 20 years ago!

In 1980, ska group The Beat had a UK top ten hit with ‘Mirror in the Bathroom’ and the bathroom is probably the location where we tend to study ourselves the most in mirrors. Many will say that it is not wise to look at yourself in the mirror first thing in the morning, but the bathroom is often the first port of call in the morning. Many bathrooms feature a main bathroom mirror positioned on a wall and a bathroom cabinet with mirror doors. Other than the “oh my god” do I really look like that expression, the uses of a mirror or mirrors in a bathroom will generally be to aid the application of make up, hair styling or shaving. One of the major problems with bathroom mirrors is that after showering or bathing, the mirror is misted over.

A recent addition in the manufacture of heated mirrors is the inclusion of a demister pad which clears the mirror for use in just seconds. Imagine never having to again wait for the steam of the bathroom to disappear from the mirror, or having to open the window, before using the mirror to shave or apply make up. The bathroom mirror demister or steam free bathroom mirror is a great invention. Some manufacturers refer to these products as fog free bathroom mirrors and there is now a huge range available, again some with back lights, LED lighting and built in shaver points.

Demister mirrors and steam free bathroom mirrors are not the only recent developments on mirrors. As suggested above another reasonably new product is the backlit bathroom mirror. Illuminated mirrors maintain the features of a simple mirror, but will enhance any environment in which they are used with the addition of lighting. As with all mirrors, the range of illuminated mirrors is extensive, with a variety of sizes and shapes available. An Illuminated mirror with shaving point can also be purchased. Illuminated bathroom cabinets with or without shaver sockets are also available.

Mirrors with backlit LED lights will enhance any bathroom or environment in which they are installed. Being of low energy consumption LED, or light emitting diode, are more environmentally friendly than traditional bulbs. They are designed to withstand the moisture of the bathroom environment. So water vapour mist will not cause a problem. As a real luxury mirror, illuminated bathroom mirrors and bathroom mirrors with LED lighting can also include a demister pad, to demist the mirror in just a few seconds and an on/off sensor to activate the lights as soon as motion is detected in front of the mirror. Now bathroom cabinets are also available with inbuilt back lights, and LED lighting for that special something different in your bathroom.
As a bathroom accessory the mirror should come high on the list, in fact can you really have a finished bathroom without a mirror? The enormous selection of styles, types, shapes and sizes means that there must be a mirror to match anyone’s budget. Although some of the latest technological versions such as illuminated, backlit and LED mirrors could be considered to be luxury items, some are not as expensive as you may have thought.

Top of the range bathroom light mirrors feature a demister pad and shaver socket, great for shaving straight out of the shower, or if like me, you always get the second go in the bathroom after someone else has just had a shower!

Mirrors, Superstition and Auspicious Energy Flow

I have always loved mirrors, probably why I have ended up in the mirrors business! When I was at school I did a project on them, this was before the internet was invented mind so I trawled through piles and piles of reference books in both the school and local library for months. These days of course it would only take a couple of hours on Google, kids these days don’t know how easy they’ve got it!

Once you get immersed in mirrors as I did all those years ago, or ‘mirros’ as I frequently misspelled it, and start researching them, you find that they play a major part in all aspects of life. Mirrors also feature in superstitions. One of the most commonly known superstitions is that someone who breaks a mirror will receive seven years bad luck. A popular belief for this superstition is that mirrors are a reflection of the soul and if a mirror is broken, then part of the soul is broken. Added to this, some believe that the soul regenerates every seven years in an unbroken condition, hence the seven years of bad luck. I bet you’ve always wondered what that was about so I’m glad to share that with you!

It is also said that the mirror does not lie. A mirror can show only the truth. It is a very bad omen indeed to see something in a mirror which should not be there! Some cultures also have a custom that a newborn child should not look into a mirror until its first birthday because its soul is still forming.

In the southern United States, it used to be customary to cover the mirrors in a house where the wake of a deceased person was being held. If a mirror was left uncovered or exposed, people believed that the deceased person’s soul would become trapped in any uncovered mirror.

In the ancient art of Feng Shui mirror placement is considered very important. There is a lot of information available about this, and it is a subject that can’t be covered in a mere paragraph or two here. But Chi energy flow can be influenced by mirrors so where the energy needs to be diverted, mirrors can be used for this to great effect. Personally I don’t really conform to these rules, although my mum has mirrors strategically placed all over her house to redirect in-auspicious energy! One of the principles I do follow though is to make sure I don’t have any mirrors facing my bed, or the kids beds, as this is said to reflect your dreams back onto you whilst you are sleeping, which is not a good thing if it’s a nightmare!

Conclusion

A mirror is defined as a coated glass surface for reflecting images. There is a huge range of mirrors for industrial use, and available in many shapes and sizes. The most commonly seen uses of mirrors are for personal grooming and interior decoration. As a race we are thoroughly addicted to mirrors.

Over time, mirrors have evolved from a luxury item to an item of necessity and many particularly women will always carry a mirror in their hand bags. However, today with technological advancements, some mirrors will be seen as a luxury, particularly those which include illumination, LED or demisting devices. As individuals we spend many hours of our life in a bathroom, so why not treat yourself to one of life’s little luxuries and indulge in a stylish bathroom mirror? After all, let’s be honest, who can really live without looking in a mirror at least once a day?

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